1. 基料油Ioli esisiseko

一般基料油由几种液态油和固脂组成。具备特定的熔点和SFC.

I-oyile yesiseko ngokubanzi idityaniswe yioyile elulwelo eliqela kunye namafutha aqinileyo. Inendawo ethile yokunyibilika kunye ne-SFC.

基料油以β′结晶习性的话，比较适合作為基料油。牛油、24℃棕榈液油是β′结晶习性，52度棕榈油在适合条件下会以β′结晶.

I-oyile yesiseko ene-β 'crystal practice ifaneleke ngakumbi njenge-oyile yesiseko. Ibhotolo kunye ne 24℃ ioli yesundu ine β 'crystallization habit, kunye ne 52 ℃ palm oil iyakukhazimla β' phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo.

基料油选择还会考虑成本因素和供应稳定性因素.

Ukukhetha i-oyile esisiseko kukwathathela ingqalelo iindleko kunye nokubonelela ngezinto ezizinzileyo.

1. 乳化剂Ei-arhente yokuphindaphinda

众所周知油、水是不相溶的，而我們的人造奶油是由油和水为主要原料生产的，二者之所以能很好的结合则是乳化剂的乳化作用所致。乳化剂还可以增强烘培产品的功能性。加入面中后具备调节粘性、发泡、增强口感、乳化油脂、延缓结晶等左右。

Kuyaziwa ukuba ioli kunye namanzi ayinakuchithwa, kwaye i-margarine yethu iveliswa ngeoli kunye namanzi njengezona zinto ziphambili, isizathu sokuba ezi zimbini zinokudibaniswa kakuhle zibangelwa yi-emulsification ye-emulsifying agent. Ii-emulsifiers zinokuphucula ukusebenza kweemveliso ezibhakiweyo. Iyakwazi ukulungelelanisa i-viscosity, igwebu, iphucula incasa, i-oyile emulsify, ukulibazisa icrystallization kunye nokunye.

常用的乳化剂有以下几种:

Ii-emulsifiers ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zezi zilandelayo:

单、双甘油脂肪酸酯（单硬脂酸甘油酯）C-10

I-Mono-diglycerides (glycerides monostearate) C-10

单甘酯是目前应用最广泛的乳化剂，是由甘油和油脂反应制得。65-70℃。按其纯度可分为蒸馏单甘酯（纯度40-50％）和未蒸馏单甘酯（纯度90％以上）。不溶于水，可溶于油脂（80℃以上）。贮存时注意密封保存.

I-Monoglycerides yi-emulsifiers esetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye ilungiselelwe ukuphendula kwe-glycerol kunye neoli. Iimveliso zingumgubo, igranular okanye intlama, indawo yokunyibilika: 65-70℃. Ngokutsho kobunyulu bayo, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-monoglycerides edityanisiweyo (ubunyulu 40-50%) kunye ne-monoglycerides engapheliyo (ubunyulu ngaphezu kwe-90%). Ayinyibiliki emanzini, inyibilika kwi-oyile (ngaphezu kwe-80℃). Nika ingqalelo kugcino lwesitywina.

卵磷脂 Lecithin.

大豆磷脂是大豆水化脱胶的副产品不溶于水，有较好的油溶性及乳化性，是良好的天然剂北。添加到人造奶油或起酥油中可增强稳定性，增加食品风味，还可防止烹调时溅油，费存时应遮光、密封。

I-Soybean phospholipid yimveliso ye-soybean hydration kunye ne-degumming, enganyibiliki emanzini, kunye nokunyibilika okulungileyo kwe-oyile kunye ne-emulsification, i-emulsifier yendalo efanelekileyo. I-Lecithin yongezwa kwi-margarine okanye ukunciphisa ukunyusa ukuzinza, incasa, kunye nokuthintela ukutshiza kweoli ngexesha lokupheka. Ukugcinwa kufuneka kufakwe umbala kwaye kutywinwe.

格林斯顿PS201 Greinston PS201

含有高饱和的单甘脂，由植物油制备。优势是用于防止油从产品中离析。熔点:62℃.

I-mono egcweleyo ephezulu - i-glycerin, elungiselelwe kwioli yemifuno. Inzuzo kukuthintela ukuhlukana kweoli kwimveliso. Indawo yokunyibilikisa: 62℃.

1. 抗氧化剂 Ai-antioxidant

氧化是导致人造奶油、起酥油品质劣化的重要因素，防止氧化，除了考虑选用原料、叅泥方、加泥料、叅泥料、加泥料、加工料、叅泥料、叅泥料、叅泥料、叅泥料、叅泥料、叅泥料、叅泥化贮存条件外，还可添加一些安全性高、效果显著的抗氧化剂。抗氧化剂的效果与油脂的种类、精炼程度、I-FFA的含量、铜铁离子、水分、光线、接触空气及温度有关。常用的抗氧化剂如下:

I-oxidation yinto ebalulekileyo ekhokelela ekuwohlokeni komgangatho we-margarine kunye nokunciphisa. Ukuthintela i-oxidation, ezinye i-antioxidants ezinokhuseleko oluphezulu kunye nomphumo ophawulekayo zingongezwa ngaphezu kokukhethwa kwezinto eziluhlaza, iindlela zokucubungula, ukupakisha kunye neemeko zokugcina. Umphumo we-antioxidant unxulumene nohlobo lweoli, iqondo lokucoca, umxholo we-FFA, ubhedu kunye ne-iron ions, umswakama, ukukhanya, ukuvezwa komoya kunye nokushisa. Ii-antioxidants eziqhelekileyo zezi zilandelayo:

IBHA（丁基羟基茴香醚）

白色或微黄色蜡状结晶粉末，有特异的酚类臭味和刺激性气味，熔点57-65℃，不溶于水，25℃油中溶解度30-40％，热稳定性好，强碱下不易被破坏，可用与培烤食品，抗菌能力强.IBHA和其它抗氧化剂混合使用，或与增效剂柠檬酸并用，抗氧化效果更好。油脂最大用量0.2g/Kg, 人造奶油中0.1g/Kg.

I-crystalline powder emhlophe okanye ekhaphukhaphu etyheli, enevumba elikhethekileyo lephenolic kunye nevumba elicaphukisayo, indawo yokunyibilika 57-65 ℃, ayinyibiliki emanzini, 25 ℃ ukunyibilika kweoli 30-40%, ukuzinza okuhle kwe-thermal, akukho lula ukutshatyalaliswa phantsi kwesiseko esibuthathaka, kunoko. zisetyenziswe kunye nokutya kokubhaka, amandla anamandla e-antibacterial. I-BHA iyasebenza ngakumbi xa isetyenziswe ngokudibanisa namanye ama-antioxidants okanye i-citric acid, i-synergist. Ubuninzi beoli yeoli yi-0.2g / Kg, kwaye ubuninzi be-margarine yi-0.1g / Kg.

BHT（丁二基羟基甲苯）

白色结晶或粉末，无味，无臭，熔点69.5-70.5℃,沸点265℃，不溶于水，25℃豆油中可溶30％、棉油中20％,40℃猪油中40％，热稳定性好，具升华性，无IBHA的异臭，价格低廉，毒性相对IBHA高，抗氧化能力强.油脂中最大用量0.2g/Kg,人造奶油中0.1g/Kg,与IBHA、柠檬酸合用以“BHT:IBHA:柠檬酸＝2:2:1”比例为佳.

TBHQ〔特丁基对苯二酚）

一种新型抗氧化剂，抗氧化效果比IBHA,BHT好，最大特点Fe离子存在下不着色。TBHQ添加到油中不会产生异味或异臭，油溶性良好，熔点126.5-128.5℃,可单独使用，也可与BHT,IBHA混用，油中最大添加量0.02％.

Ikristale emhlophe okanye umgubo, ayinancasa, ayinavumba, indawo yokunyibilika 69.5-70.5 ℃, indawo ebilayo 265 ℃, ayinyibiliki emanzini, inyibilika ngama-30% kwi-oyile yesoya engama-25 ℃, i-20% kwioyile yomqhaphu, i-40% kwi-40℃ yamafutha engulube, ukuzinza okuhle kwe-thermal. , i-sublimation, akukho vumba le-BHA, ixabiso eliphantsi, i-toxicity ephezulu ngokumalunga I-BHA, amandla anamandla e-antioxidant. Ubuninzi beoli yeoli yi-0.2g / Kg, kwaye ubuninzi be-margarine yi-0.1g / Kg. Umlinganiselo we BHT: BHA: citric acid = 2:2:1 yiukhetho oluhlexa isetyenziswa kunye ne-BHA kunye ne-citric acid.

增效剂-柠檬酸Synergist - citric acid

两种或两种以上抗氧化剂混合使用，或与增效剂并用，往往比单独一种使用效果显著，此种现象称為增效作用。在植物油中使用酚型抗氧化剂，若同时添加柠檬酸，其抗氧化效果将显著提高。一般认為柠檬酸能和促进氧化反应的微量金属离子（Cu2+,Fe3+）生成螯合物，从而对促进氧化的金属离子起钝化作用。增效剂的用量一般是酚型抗氧的化的1/4-1/2.

I-Synergism iyenzeka xa i-antioxidants ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zisetyenziselwa ngokudibeneyo okanye ngokudibanisa ne-synergist, ehlala isebenza ngakumbi kunokuba i-antioxidant yodwa. Xa i-phenolic antioxidant isetyenziswe kwioli yemifuno, umphumo wayo we-antioxidant uya kwandiswa kakhulu ukuba i-citric acid yongezwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukholelwa ukuba i-citric acid inokwenza i-chelates kunye ne-ion ye-trace metal (Cu2+, Fe3 +) ekhuthaza ukusabela kwe-oxidation, ngaloo ndlela i-ion ye-metal passivating ekhuthaza i-oxidation. Idosi ye-synergist ngokuqhelekileyo yi-1 / 4-1 / 2 ye-phenolic antioxidants.

1. 防腐剂  Pabagcini

人造奶油中的水，尤其是水相中的一些物质（如乳清粉），特别容易引起微生物的繁殖和生长。防腐剂则是具有杀死微生物或抑制微生物繁殖的物质。

Amanzi kwimajarini, ingakumbi izinto ezikwinqanaba lokumanzi (umzekelo, umgubo wewhey), achaphazeleka ngakumbi kukuveliswa nokukhula kweentsholongwane. Izilondolozo zizinto ezibulala i-microorganisms okanye zivimbela ukuveliswa kwazo.

盐 Senye

盐既是调味剂又是优良的防腐剂，盐的财存要注意防止受污染和防潮.

Ityuwa ayipheleli nje ekufakeni incasa kodwa ikwasisilondolozi esigqwesileyo. Ityuwa kufuneka igcinwe ukuthintela ukungcoliseka kunye nokufuma.

山梨酸钾 Pi-otassium sorbate

无色或白色鳞片状结或粉末，无臭或稍有臭味，在空气中不稳定，可被氧化着色，有吸湿性，易溶于水，对霉菌、酵母及好气性菌均有抑制作用，属酸性防腐剂，宜在PH值5-6以下范围内使用。贮存时注意防潮、密封。

Iikristale ezingenambala okanye ezimhlophe zescaly okanye umgubo, azinavumba okanye zinuka kancinci, azinzanga emoyeni, zinokuba nombala oxidized, ukufunxwa kwe-hymoisture, ukunyibilika ngokulula emanzini, ukungunda, igwele kunye neebhaktheriya ezilungileyo zegesi zinempembelelo yokuthintela, sisigcina-acidic, esilungele ukusetyenziswa. kuluhlu lwePH 5-6. Nikelani ingqalelo ekungangeni manzi kwaye utywine xa ugcina.

脱氢乙酸钠:I-Sodium Dehydroacetate

对霉菌、酵母菌、细菌具有很好的抑制作用，广泛地应用与饮料、食品、饲料的加工业，延长其存放期，避免霉变损失.

Inempembelelo entle yokuthintela ukungunda, igwele kunye neebhaktheriya, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwisiselo, ukutya kunye neshishini lokulungisa ukutya ukuze lolule ixesha lokugcinwa kunye nokuphepha ukulahleka kokungunda.

1. 色素 umbala

β－胡萝卜素Beta-carotene

β－胡萝卜素為理想的天然色素，具价格低、有营养、色调稳定等优点。红紫。色至暗红色的结晶粉末，种有异臭，不溶于水和甘油，难溶于乙醇、丙酮，240℃在植物油中溶解度為0.05-0.10%.β－胡萝卜素对光和氧均不稳定，遇重金属离子（如Fe3+）颜色变浅。贡存时要置于阴凉处，并注意遮光、密闭。

I-Beta carotene yeyona pigment yendalo efanelekileyo, enexabiso eliphantsi, isondlo, ukuzinza kombala kunye nezinye iingenelo. Ubomvu obomvu ukuya kumgubo obomvu wekristalline obomvu, i-heterosmelly kancinane, ayinyibiliki emanzini kunye ne-glycerin, enganyibilikiyo kwi-ethanol, i-acetone, i-240 ℃ kwi-solubility yeoli yemifuno 0.05-0.10%. I-β -carotene ayizinzile kokubili ukukhanya kunye ne-oksijini kwaye ikhanyisa ngokuphendula ii-ion zetsimbi ezinzima ezifana ne-Fe3 +. Ukugcinwa kufuneka kufakwe kwindawo epholileyo, kwaye ubeke ingqalelo kwi-shading, umoya.

柠檬黄 Ilamuni Yellow

橙黄色粉末，无臭，0.1%水溶液呈黄色，不溶于油脂，耐热性、耐酸性、耐盐性均好，耐氧性、耐碱性差，遇碱变红色。贮存注意事项同胭脂红。风味添加剂

• I-Orange powder powder, i-odorless, i-0.1% isisombululo esinamanzi siphuzi, asinyibiliki kwioli, ukumelana nobushushu, ukumelana ne-asidi, ukuxhathisa ityuwa kulungile, ukuxhathisa i-oksijini embi, ukuxhathisa kwe-alkali, ebomvu xa i-alkali. Izilumkiso zokugcina kunye ne-carmine. Idizayini yencasa

1. 风味添加剂 Idizayini yencasa

香精 Eintsingiselo

食用香精是用各种安全性高的香料和稀释剂等调和而成，可分为油溶性和水溶性两大类。大多以澄清、透明液存在，但以精炼植物油為稀释剂的油溶性香精低温时会出现冷凝现象。所有香精都有一定的挥发性，赞存时要注意置于阴凉处（10-30℃为宜），并注意防晒、防潮、防火。香精启封后，不宜继续贮存，最好尽量用完。

 热敏挥发性物料，使用时注意投入时间，并要注意使其在物料中均匀分布。

Iimvumba ezidliwayo zixutywe kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-flavour ezikhuselekileyo kunye nezincinci, ezinokuthi zihlulwe zibe ziindidi ze-oil-soluble kunye ne-soluble yamanzi. Uninzi lwazo lukhona kulwelo olucacileyo nolubonakalayo, kodwa i-oyile enyibilikayo eneoli yemifuno esulungekisiweyo njengoko idiluent iya kuxinana kubushushu obuphantsi. Zonke iincasa zinokuguquka okuthile, ukugcinwa kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukuba kubekwe emthunzini (10-30 ℃ ifanelekile), kwaye ubeke ingqalelo kwi-sunscreen, ubungqina bokufuma, ukuthintela umlilo. Incasa ingavalwanga, akufuneki iqhubeke nokugcina,kulungilesebenzise iphele.

Izinto eziguquguqukayo ze-thermal, nikela ingqalelo ekusebenziseni ixesha, kwaye ubeke ingqalelo ukwenza ukuba isasazwe ngokulinganayo kwizinto eziphathekayo.

乳脂/炼乳 Amafutha obisi / ubisi olujikisiweyo

為了增加人造奶油的营养和风味而添加。低温、阴凉、干燥处存放。

Yongezwa ukongeza izondlo kunye nencasa kwimargarine. Gcina kwindawo yokushisa ephantsi, epholile kwaye eyomileyo